Endocrine Disrupting Compounds Removal Methods from Wastewater in the United Kingdom: A Review

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are contaminants with estrogenic or androgenic activity that negatively impact human and animal communities. These have become one of the most significant concerns for wastewater treatment in recent decades. Several studies evaluated EDC removal methods from across globe, including United Kingdom (UK). Accordingly, current study reviews municipal/domestic (UK) period 2010–2017. The analysed original research articles (250), review (52), short communication (43), other associated documents via ScienceDirect.com database. A total 25 published articles, which covered UK wastewaters, were reviewed rigorously. highlights despite relative efficacy existing chemical physical removing certain EDCs wastewater, there is emerging evidence supporting need more widespread application nature-based biological approaches, particularly use biofilms. analysis reveals been relatively few on carried out 2010–2017 period. Only four papers addressed specific endocrine municipal none by using direct Finally, this suggests needed to remove EDCs, through biofilms, scenarios.